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A year later, Fort Amsterdam and a citadel were built on Manhattan Island, which was later called New Amsterdam, to protect new arrivals. Manhattan was first settled by the Dutch in 1624, when a Dutch fur trading settlement was founded on Governors Island. The first European to reach Manhattan was Englishman Henry Hudson, who sailed for the Dutch and entered Upper New York Bay in 1609, although two earlier explorers in 1524 likely saw the island. "Manhattan" comes from the name Mannahatta, or "land of many hills," from the Lenape Indians, who lived on the island. Chinatown in Manhattan has the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western hemisphere.Italian immigrants quickly gained the financial success to leave the area and it is now on the verge of extinction. Little Italy was once known for its high number of Italian residents, but there are now few Italians left.Long known for being an artists' haven, it has undergone gentrification and commercialization in recent decades. Greenwich Village, or the Village, is a residential neighborhood on the west side of Lower Manhattan.It is known for being a center for artistic workers and an intellectual hub. Upper West Side is also an affluent residential area, with many residents working in Lower Manhattan or Midtown in commercial areas.The Upper East Side is mostly non-Hispanic white and it has the greatest concentration of individual wealth in Manhattan. Upper East Side is one of the most affluent neighborhoods in NYC.Once defined for its poverty and ethnic strife, the area is now undergoing gentrification. Officially Clinton, the origin of the name Hell's Kitchen is out of folklore. The area has a very long history and has been an enclave for the German, Polish, Hispanic and Jewish populations of Manhattan. These are the only avenues in Manhattan with single-letter names. Alphabet City includes Avenues A, B, C and D, hence the name.Chelsea has a large gay population and is known for being a center for art and nightlife.Washington Heights has many immigrants from the Dominican Republic.Most of the skyscrapers in NYC are in Midtown. Midtown Manhattan is home to iconic buildings like the Chrysler Building and the Empire State Building and it ranks among the most commonly used pieces of real estate on earth.TriBeCa (TRIangle BElow CAnal Street) has many industrial buildings that have been converted to residential lofts and buildings with a population that is 82% white, 9% Hispanic and 5% African American.SoHo (SOuth of HOuston) is known for upscale shopping and art galleries.The neighborhood still suffers from many problems and 35% to 47% of the population receive income support from the government. Harlem, which has been a large African American community since the 1920s and was originally a Dutch village named Haarlem after a city in the Netherlands.Manhattan has some of the most affluent and well-known neighborhoods in the country. Religious groups in Manhattan include the Roman Catholic Church (over 36% of the population), Jewish (20.5%), Protestants (9%) and Muslims (2.5%). People with Irish ancestry account for almost 8% of the population, while Italian Americans account for 7%, followed by German Americans (7%) and Russian Americans (6%). About 27% of the population of Manhattan is foreign-born. Manhattan has the second-highest number of non-Hispanic whites of any New York City borough at 48% behind Staten Island. This is the second-lowest rate of any county in the United States after the Bronx. Just 20% of people in Manhattan live in owner-occupied housing. The school-age population is expected to increase, compared to an expected decline in New York City as a whole, by the elderly population is projected to grow by 58%. Between 20, the population of Manhattan is expected to grow by 289,000 people. Manhattan is the smallest borough in terms of land area and the third-largest in terms of population behind Brooklyn and Queens. On weekdays, the number of commuters pushes the Manhattan population to more than 3.9 million, or 170,000 people per square mile. It is more dense than any city in the country and one of the most densely populated areas on earth. Manhattan is the most densely populated of the five NYC boroughs and also the most densely populated county in the United States. This gives Manhattan a population density of 70,826 people per square mile, or 27,346 per square kilometer. Manhattan has an estimated population of 1.63 million people, all living in an area of just 23 square miles. Most of the borough consists of Manhattan Island, which is bounded by the Hudson, East and Harlem Rivers, along with some land on the mainland and small islands. Manhattan is one of five boroughs of New York City and has the same boundaries as New York County.
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